Solar Information

Solar images from SOHO

The Sun Now

Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope image at 284 Angstrom (to 2 million degrees K)



Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) image showing sunspots



Magnetogram image showing magnetic field, black and white show opposite polarities

Information from the Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder, CO
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Aurora Activity

Solar Cycle

Sun Spot Number Progression

Last 5 cycles Sun Spot Number Progression

Solar Wind

3-day Solar-Geophysical Forecast

:Product: 3-Day Forecast
:Issued: 2025 Dec 31 1230 UTC
# Prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center
#
A. NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast

The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 3 (below NOAA
Scale levels).
The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Dec 31-Jan 02 2026 is 5.00 (NOAA Scale
G1).

NOAA Kp index breakdown Dec 31-Jan 02 2026

             Dec 31       Jan 01       Jan 02
00-03UT       1.67         5.00 (G1)    3.67     
03-06UT       1.33         4.00         3.67     
06-09UT       2.00         3.67         3.33     
09-12UT       2.33         3.33         3.33     
12-15UT       2.33         3.33         3.00     
15-18UT       3.00         4.33         3.00     
18-21UT       3.67         5.00 (G1)    3.00     
21-00UT       4.00         3.33         3.00     

Rationale: G1 (Minor) or greater geomagnetic storms are possible 01 Jan
due to CH HSS influence and a potential CME glancing blow.

B. NOAA Solar Radiation Activity Observation and Forecast

Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was
below S-scale storm level thresholds.

Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Dec 31-Jan 02 2026

              Dec 31  Jan 01  Jan 02
S1 or greater   10%     10%     10%

Rationale: No S1 (Minor) or greater solar radiation storms are expected.


C. NOAA Radio Blackout Activity and Forecast

No radio blackouts were observed over the past 24 hours.

Radio Blackout Forecast for Dec 31-Jan 02 2026

              Dec 31        Jan 01        Jan 02
R1-R2           50%           50%           50%
R3 or greater   20%           20%           20%

Rationale: There is a chance for R1-R2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackout
events, with a slight chance of R3 (Strong) or greater events, 31 Dec-02
Jan.